Vocabulary |
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Chapter 10 |
solar energy- the energy transformed from sunlight |
humus-a dark brown part of soil that is made up of decomposed plants and animals |
solar cells-electric cells that convert the Sun's energy into electricity |
ore-a mineral-rich rock deposit that can be removed from Earth and used to make products |
fossil fuels- fuels including coal, petroleum, and natural gas that are made from fossils, or the remains of living things that died millions of years ago and were trapped in rocks |
petroleum-a crude oil that is found in rocks; a nonreneweable energy source |
conservation-using only what you need as efficiently as possible |
recycling-saving, collecting, or using material again instead of turning them into waste |
Chapter 8 |
| mineral- natural, nonliving solid crystal that makes up rocks |
| luster- the way a mineral's surface reflects light |
| sediment- any earth material that has been moved from one place to another and layed down on the surface of Earth; includes materials moved by gravity, wind, water, or ice |
| sedimentary rock- rock that forms when sediments are cemented together and harden |
| igneous rock- rock that forms from molten (melted) rock |
| metamorphic rock- rock that has changed as a result of heating and pressure |
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Chapter 7 |
| hurricane- a dangerous storm with wind speeds of at least 119 km per hour |
| tropical depression- when the wind speed of storm winds increases and winds begin to swirl |
| tropical storm- when the winds of a tropical depression begin to blow even faster and thunderstorms move in spiral bands toward the area of lowest air pressure |
| storm surge- a rise in sea level caused by a storm's winds |
| tornado- a rapidly spinning funnel of air that descends from a thunderstorm cloud |
| vortex- an area where air or liquid spins in circles |
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Chapter 6 |
| evaporation- the change from liquid water to water vapor |
| condensation- the process of water vapor, a gas, changing to a liquid |
| precipitation- any form of water falling from the air to Earth's surface |
| humidity- the amount of water vapor in the air |
| front- the boundary arcoss which two different air masses touch one another |
| meteorologist- a scientist who studies and measures weather conditions |
| barometer- a tool that measures air pressure |
| anemometer- a tool that measures wind speed |
| wind vane- a tool that shows the direction from which the wind is blowing |